There are two separate offences that a driver can commit; the first being a failure to give a roadside specimen and secondly, when at the police station. These specimens can either be breath, blood or urine and a reasonable excuse can be based on medical reasons such as a phobia of needles or breathing difficulties.
The police must follow a strict procedure when requesting a sample and it is important that they do not deviate from that process. Breaches can result in successful defences being mounted and it is therefore important that the procedures are closely analysed.